Leaf litter decomposition of selected urban tree species during mulching
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概要
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Leaf litter decomposition and changes in the chemical components of four urban tree species (Cinnamomum camphora Sieb., Zelkova serrata Makino, Firmiana simplex W. F. Wight, Ginkgo biloba Linn) during one-year mulching were analyzed. The mass loss of the leaf litters ranged from 30.5% (Z. serrata) to 52.7% (G. biloba) after one year. Annual decomposition rates were 0.63, 0.36, 0.48 and 0.75 for the leaf litters of C. camphora, Z. serrata, F. simplex and G. biloba, respectively. Both water and 80% aqueous ethanol extracts decreased significantly during the one year of mulching. The amount of total neutral sugars decreased and their total losses were 50.7, 37.9, 66.1 and 71.6% based on their initial amount. Glucose accounted for about half the mass of the total neutral sugar. The relative content of Klason residue increased during mulching, suggesting that Klason residue resists decomposition. Even though the main part of Klason residue of leaves is not lignin, it should be emphasized that the residue obtained by the Klason procedure is a critical factor in leaf litter decomposition. The nitrogen content increased during the one year of mulching and the high content of nitrogen content would also contribute to the high content of Klason residue in leaf litter.都市の代表的な都市緑化樹木であるクスノキ(Cinnamomum camphora Sieb.)，ケヤキ（Zelkova serrata Makino），アオギリ（Firmiana simplex W. F. Wight），イチョウ（Ginkgo biloba Linn）を対象として，それらの落葉のマルチングにおける分解過程を明らかにするため，落葉をリターバッグに封入し，圃場に敷きならした。2ヶ月ごとに回収し，重量，細胞壁化学成分の測定を行った。全体の重量の減少は1 年の試験期間中に最低のケヤキで30.5%，最高のイチョウで52.7%であった。分解速度の指標となるオルソン指数関係式よる分解係数Kはクスノキ，ケヤキ，アオギリ，イチョウ（以下，この記載順による）でそれぞれ0.63，0.36，0.48，0.75 であった。落葉およびそのマルチング処理試料の成分分析は，主に抽出区分（80%含水エタノールおよび水による逐次抽出）を除いたあとの抽出残渣について行った。マルチングによって抽出区分の割合は速やかに減少したが，抽出残渣の重量減少は緩慢であった。細胞壁多糖類の主体である中性糖の含有率はすべての樹種で当初20% 前後であったのが，1 年のマルチング後に各樹種でそれぞれ，50.7%，37.9%，66.1%，71.6%減少した。一般的にリグニン量の指標とされているKlason 残渣の，未抽出の試料中の含有率は当初22.6%（イチョウ）から38.3%（ケヤキ）の範囲であったが，マルチングとともにその相対含有率は継続的に増加した。このように，マルチングによる落葉の重量減少に寄与する成分は，抽出区分と細胞壁構成多糖が主体であって，Klason 残渣を構成する成分は落葉中の難分解物であることが確認された。窒素の含有量は木材に比べ高く，マルチング過程で増加した。高い窒素含有量は落葉のKlason 残渣含有量が高くなる一つの要因と考えられる.
著者
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Matsumoto Yuji
Graduate School Of Agricultural And Life Sciences The University Of Tokyo
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Jin Zhenfu
Graduate School Of Agricultural And Life Sciences The University Of Tokyo
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Shao Shunliu
Institute Of Ecology Zhejiang Forestry Academy
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Iiyama Kenji
Japan International Research Center For Agricultural Science (jircas)
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