小渋分水工に関する実験的研究
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概要
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The structure of Koshibu diversion works are as follows. (1) The diversion tunnel (circular tunnel with diameter of 1200mm and length of 256m) branches right angle off main driving aqueduct tunnel (standard horseshoe tunnel with 1.19m radius of the arch ring and I=1/1000). (2) The end of the diversion tunnel connects with the rectangular reservoir. (3) The gate diversion works has the sluice gate of underflow type in the downstream side wall of the reservoir. This kind of diversion works cannot be solved adequately by theory alone because of the complexity of the structure. Therefore we practised the model test for the purpose of investigating the discharge of diversion tunnel and the values of loss of head corresponding to different discharges of main tunnel and different height of gate opening, In this experiment, the scale of model is 1/9.6, and coefficient of roughness of tunnel is 0.00978. Chapter V of this paper contains discussion of various losses of head due to branching. This experiment indicates that the total loss of head can be expressed by the following approximate equation. he=(6.0795+ 195ε/d²) υ₁²/2g in which e is q₁/q₀ (q₀ and q₁ are the respective discharge for main tunnel and diversion tunnel), d is the height of gate opening, υ₁ is the mean velocity for diversion tunnel. It is noted that the second term of the approximate equation shows mainly losses of head, being due to turnout and contraction at the entrance and it varies as e and varies inversely as the square of d. The discussion in Chapter VI presents some improvements, which we have tried in assistance with the results of this experiment. Hereupon the discharge for diversion tunnel is estimated in theory by formula for free flow through the sluice gate.
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