集合性昆虫の特性
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概要
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As Allee (1931) has pointed out, aggregation is due in the first place to the eggs being laid together. Newly hatched larvae from an egg mass have a strong tendency to form aggregation. But in most of these species, the larvae should disperse gradually as development advances. The author has made clear the effect of aggregation of these species and details of this effect have been reported previously. In the present paper, the important results are summarized and the ecological significance of the aggregation is discussed. Synchronism of hatching from an egg mass and larval mortality during the period of aggregation were examined as the index for the effect of aggregation. A good synchronization of hatching was observed in a large size of egg mass and the hatched larvae form a large aggregation. As the result of this large aggregation, the larvae can feed together easily and larval mortality becomes low. The effect of aggregation can be divided into two kinds of mode of actions, the environmental conditioning and the mutual interaction. These two modes of action have been also found in the case of the so-called effect of population density. The mortality factors may not act at random on the individuals within an aggregation, but on the whole aggregation itself. The mortality factors that bring about a partial destruction of the members of aggregation such as egg parasites, predators and climatic factors may affect also the mortality of the ensuing survivors. But it should be most important that the aggregation is destroyed by the mortality factors as a whole. It can be concluded that the size of aggregation affects the mortality and this effect can be distinguished from the so-called effect of population density.
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