自由大学運動の歴史的意義とその限界
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概要
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Jiyudaigaku-undo (Free Universities Movement) was the 1920’s self-educationmovement in Nagano, Niigata, Fukushima and GunmaPrefecture. The first lecture was November 1, 1921 in Ueda City,Nagano Prefecture. The peak of this movement was in 1924 and 1925,during this period the Association of Jiyudaigaku was founded and themonthly magazine was published.The spirit of Jiyudaigaku-undo was self-education and self-study.Through such education Jiyudaigaku students were critically thinkingpersons, and after several years some graduates influenced communitylife and culture. For example, Tadatuna Sasaki was elected villagechief during World War II, but he rejected colonial policy for Manchuriabecause of his anti-imperialist sentiments. Also he contributed to theimprovement of community life by constructing a high school and ahospital after the War.The educational aim of Jiyudaigaku was to nurture critical thinkingand self-determination, but it had limitations. Even now the principleof being open to everyone is considered a merit, but it was only a sloganbecause of its expensive tuition. Kyoson Tsuchida, one of the foundersof Jiyudaigaku, said that it was the blessed university because of itsexcellent professors, but frequently they couldn’t support the educationalneeds of their students because of their short stays in the villages.Jiyudaigaku aimed for autonomous and student-centered education,but each lecturer selected his own educational contents and teachingmethod. The choice of lecturers also depended upon Kyoson Tsuchida and Teru Takakura. So there was a gap between the ideal and thereality. Nevertheless Jiyudaigaku-undo which aimed to cultivate self-determinationand community participation was an extremely worthyhistorical educational movement.
- 2006-08-28
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