スコットランドにおける短期高等教育を含めた資格制度と多様な学習経路の設計
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This paper examines the role of the qualification system on flexible learning pathways, focusing on the development of short cycle higher education in Scotland. Expansion of higher education brings the diversification of learners and, as its consequence, develops varieties of non-traditional leaning pathways and learning methods. The flexibility of an educational system is one key ingredient nowadays, but also integrity is more to be carefully and seriously designed, in order to provide adequate social esteem to each diversified pathways and learning styles. Firstly in this paper, it is described that the expansion of higher education in the 1990s in Scotland has been led mainly by further education college sectors and by part-time students. Now after those students get an HNC or an HND, many of them will go on to study at a university. Secondly, the evolution of the qualification system is examined. Since 1999, four historically differently developed qualification systems, i.e., traditional university degrees, academic qualifications of secondary education, national vocational training qualification (SVQ) and sub-degree qualifications (HNC and HND) have been integrated into one Scottish Qualification Framework. This framework can encourage and assist particularly non-traditional learners to transfer from a further education college to a university. Further education colleges not only award sub-degree qualifications but also provide advanced pathways to a university degree by creating partnerships with universities by various approaches. Thirdly, this paper also discusses the advantages of Scottish educational reform under the globalizing pressure in European higher education, and mentions the research and development on national qualification systems by international organisations.１．はじめに ２．スコットランドの継続教育カレッジの成長発展 ３．スコットランドの資格制度と柔軟な学習経路モデル ４．英国における欧州統合のインパクトとスコットランドの利点 ５．欧州における高等教育の多様性，相互承認へのステップ ６．OECDの資格制度へのアプローチ
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