A trade-off between prey- and predator-induced polyphenisms in larvae of the salamander Hynobius retardatus
スポンサーリンク
概要
- 論文の詳細を見る
Organisms in natural habitats participate in complex ecological interactions that include competition, predation, and foraging. Under natural aquatic environmental conditions, amphibian larvae can simultaneously receive multiple signals from conspecifics, predators, and prey, implying that predator-induced morphological defenses can occur in prey and that prey-induced offensive morphological traits may develop in predators. Although multiple adaptive plasticity, such as inducible defenses and inducible offensive traits, can be expected to have not only ecological but also evolutionary implications, few empirical studies report on species having such plasticity. The broad-headed larval morph of Hynobius retardatus, which is induced by crowding with heterospecific anuran (Rana pirica) larvae, is a representative example of prey-induced polyphenism. The morph is one of two distinct morphs that have been identified in this species; the other is the typical morph. In this paper, we report that typical larval morphs of Hynobius can respond rapidly to a predatory environment and show conspicuous predator-induced plasticity of larval tail depth, but that broad-headed morphs cannot respond similarly to a predation threat. Our findings support the hypothesis that induction or maintenance of adaptive plasticity (e.g., predator-induced polyphenism) trades off against other adaptive plastic responses (e.g., prey-induced polyphenism). For a species to retain both an ability to forage for larger prey and an ability to more effectively resist predation makes sense in light of the range of environments that many salamander larvae experience in nature. Our results suggest that the salamander larvae clearly discriminate between cues from prey and those from predators and accurately respond to each cue; that is, they adjust their phenotype to the current environment.
- Springer Berlin / Heidelbergの論文
Springer Berlin / Heidelberg | 論文
- Synthesis and Photocrosslinking Reaction of N-Allylcarbamoylmethyl Cellulose Leading to Hydrogel
- A case of myelodysplastic syndrome developed blastic crisis of chronic myelogenous leukemia with acquisition of major BCR/ABL
- Usefulness of magnifying endoscopic evaluation of the terminal ileum for a patient with graft-versus-host disease after allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation
- Comparison of 99mTc-annexin A5 with 18F-FDG for the detection of atherosclerosis in ApoE−/− mice
- Hepatosplenic alpha/beta T cell lymphoma presenting with cold agglutinin disease.