担子菌類菌糸体の化学成分組成
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The contents of the proximate components, low molecular weight carbohydrates, polysaccharides, organic acids and free amino acids in six species (Kikurage, Auricularia auricular ; Hanabiratake, Sparassis crispa ; Maitake, Grifola frondosa ; Kuritake, Naematoloma sublateritium ; Tamogitake, Pleurotus conucopiae ; Sakurashimeji, Hygrophorus russula) of the vegetative mycelia of basidiomycetes were determined. On a dry-weight basis, the proximate component contents were as follows: Crude protein, 15.0-37.6%; crude fat, 2.7-4.0%; crude ash, 3.8-8.2%; carbohydrate contents were in the range of 52.3-74.8%, trehalose, mannitol, glucose, fructose, arabitol and glycerol were detected in these vegetative mycelia, of which trehalose and mannitol were predominant. The organic acid contents were in the range of 0.3-1.2%, and ten organic acids were detected. Malic, pyroglutamic, fumaric, citric and succinic acids were predominant in these vegetative mycelia, and oxalic, isocitric, acetic,α‐ketoglutaric and formic acids were also found in all the vegetative mycelia investigated. The polysaccharide contents were in the range of 36.6-67.7%. Acetic acid-soluble fraction (Glycogen) was predominant in the polysaccharide fractions of these vegetative mycelia. The distribution patterns and contents of five polysaccharide fraction, that is, hot alkali-soluble fraction, alkali-soluble, acid-insoluble fraction (S-glucan), formic acid-soluble fraction (R-glucan), alkali-soluble, acid-soluble fraction and chitin revealed low similarities among the different species of vegetative mycelia. The free amino acid contents were in the range of 1.8-3.5%, and twenty free types of protein amino acids and ten non-protein amino acids were detected in these vegetative mycelia. Alanine, glutamic acid, glutamine, serine, lysine, histidine and arginine were predominant. Non-protein anino acid contents were commonly low, but cystathionine, β-alanine, γ-amino-n-butyric acid and ornithine proved to be widely distributed in these vegetative mycelia.
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