Discursive Construction of the Ideology of “Women's Language" : The Impact of War(1914-45)
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概要
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Nakamura (2003b) has demonstrated that language ideologies in the Meiji Period (1868‐1912) were sex‐differentiated into two categories: “women's language use" as an object of control, and “men's national language" as indispensable for national unity. The present paper demonstrates that, during the war years (1914‐45), academic discourse dissolved the sex‐differentiation and constructed the notion of “women's language" by incorporating women's language use into the “national language" and making it a symbol of the superiority of the Japanese imperial tradition. The first chapter shows that the grammar books of spoken Japanese, by referring to women's language use as exceptions to “standard language," incorporated it at the margin of “national language." For the first time, women's language use was located within “national language" as the category of “women's language." The second chapter analyzes the process in which “women's language" was constructed into a symbol representing the tradition of the emperor's state and the superiority of Japan. “Women's language" became one of the reasons used to rationalize Japan as a military regime possessing the right to colonize other countries. In a war that mobilized the entire citizenry, women were expected to play a specific role as second‐class citizens, and women's language use was fully incorporated into the “national language." This indicates that designating women as citizens of the emperor was promoted from the aspect of language by the academic discourses of linguists. The construction of the language ideology of “women's language" played a crucial role in the political process of nationalizing women.
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