仏弟子アーナンダの呼称Vedehamuniについて
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概要
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According to source materials, the term vedehamuni, an epithet of Ānanda, has two possible interpretations, "a sage" and "a muni from the region of Vedeha," and two usages in speech, as a general noun and as a proper noun. This article, focusing on these two points, aims to investigate the original implication of this term as attested in Pāli materials. First of all, it is obvious, as Nagasaki asserts, that while the interpretation of vedehamuni as a sage comes from Pali commentaries (aţţhakathā) of the southern tradition, the latter originates in the Mahāvastu or the Fu-ben-han-ji-jing, although the latter became more popular in translation among contemporary Buddhist authors. The Aţţhakathās that comment on the term vedehamuni, with the single exception mentioned below, unanimously take it as a general noun meaning "a sage," as is shown in the examples of Vedehi-putta or Kosala-Vedeha, which indicate a king related to the country Vedeha. Buddhagosa, reducing this term into veda-īha, elaborates on this interpretation of the meaning as "a sage." In this way of understanding the term, vedeha, used as a general noun, is not necessarily confined to the epithet of Ānanda. Despite this predominant interpretation in the Pāli commentaries, however, one account in the Khuddakapāthaţţhakthā, in which the term vedehamuni is of primary importance as an epithet of Ānanda, makes us highly dubious of the assumption that this could have been the original. Since the term vedehamuni at this point, which has the connotation that Ānanda had been an ascetic in Vedeha before becoming one of the Buddha's disciples, is in sharp contrast with the passage that immediately follows, "he is originally a man of Sakya descent." This term needs to be translated as "a muni from Vedeha," like the use of Sakyamuni, meaning a muni from the Sakya clan. This interpretation is in complete consonance with that of the northern tradition. In addition, given that the word muni is syntactically in close relation with the term paccekabuddha, which often correlates with ādiccabandhu an epithet exclusively addressing the Buddha, the epithet of vedehamuni may well be regarded as indicating nothing other than Ānanda. According to several accounts in Jātaka and four Nikāyas, the country of Vedeha, composed of the Vajji with several tribes, shared their lineage with the family of the Mahāsammata and Sakya, whose kings are reported to have given full treatment to various paccekabuddhas, two of whom were the Buddha and Ānanda. In these circumstances, it would be surprising that the title vedehamuni was dedicated exclusively to Ānanda, one of the closest disciples of the Buddha.
- 東京大学大学院人文社会系研究科・文学部インド哲学仏教学研究室,Department of Indian Philosophy and Buddhist Studies, Graduate School of Humanities and Sociology, University of Tokyo,東京大学大学院の論文
- 2004-03-20
東京大学大学院人文社会系研究科・文学部インド哲学仏教学研究室,Department of Indian Philosophy and Buddhist Studies, Graduate School of Humanities and Sociology, University of Tokyo,東京大学大学院 | 論文
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