ソーマ祭での複合型歌詠マントラstotraに配される数の象徴性の工夫 : 数的符合(sampad)を手掛かりとして
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概要
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A stotra is a complex of melodic mantras of Samaveda sung only in the Soma-type of śrauta ritual by three priests of Samavedin, who inherit Sāmavedic texts and its ritualistic tradition. The Soma sacrifices belonging to this type have as many stotras as its own samsthā-style requires. For example, in agnişţoma-samsthā-styled Soma rituals there are 12 stotras on the main day (sutyam ahan), when cups of juice extracted from Soma stalks (it has been recognized as Ephedra today) are poured into the āhavanīyafire as an oblation, and in ukthya-styled Soma rituals 15 stotras. There are several elements that constitute a stotra such as melodies (sāman), verses (ŗc), etc. Among them, stoma is a technical term attached to the number of melodic verses in one stotra. In this paper I deal with brāhmaņic interpretations of the Kauthuma school of Sāmaveda on the stomas. The Kauthuma school has two extant pieces of brāhmaņa literature: the Pañcavimmśabrāhmaņa and Şadvimśa-brāhmaņa However, in order to know the details of the stotra, which are set in the rituals taken in the two brāhmaņas, these two books do not give sufficient information, but by referring to Ārşeyakalpa, kind of s1!tra literature, we can obtain important information, especially on all of the stomas. In the first section examples of descriptions of magical analogy or correspondence in the brāhmaņa literature are given, followed by a definition of magical analogy like that made by Professor Y. Ikari. In the second section the scene in which stotras are sung is briefly delineated. Through the description of mythical world creation accompanied by an introduction of stomas in the third section, the following passages treat the ritualistic interpretation of stomas with examples of stomas' scheme with reference to each Soma sacrifice. The fourth section is for the investigation of general meanings of the number of stotras and stoma itself. In the fifth section simple arrangements of symbolic numbers as stomas into each stotra and depictions of concrete figures (such as pincers or the body of a cow by taking advantage of difference of each stomas) are dealt with. In the brāhmaņa-literature we occasionally find expressions such as "X is congruent (sampadyate) to Y." These expressions, together with names of meters, notably appear in the Sāmavedic schools. In the background of these expressions is the similarity between meter as a number of its syllables and whole stomas in one day of Soma sacrifices. For the purpose of investigating brāhmaņic interpretations of the stomas in a certain ritual from a systematic view, the symbols of congruent numbers in number theory are introduced. One conception of sampad is of congruent acts as a fundamental idea. From the above examination, we can conclude that the invention of symbolical holy numbers as stoma into the stotras is not only a simple arrangement, but also an intricate composition of ideas which use the disposition of numbers.
- 2004-03-20
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