28. On the Iturup Tsunami of Oct. 13, 1963, as Observed along the Coast of Japan
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概要
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The tsunami which was generated off Iturup Island, Kuril Islands, at 14 h 18m(JST), Oct. 13, 1963, was observed all along the Pacific coast of Japan. The double amplitude of the sea disturbance reached 1m on the SE Hokkaido and Sanriku coasts.The epicenter of the earthquake was at 44.0°N, 150.0°E, depth 40km and magnitude 7.9. The tsunami energy distribution along the Pacific coast of Japanwas calculated by drawing a refraction diagram, and was compared with the records of tide-gauges and tsunami recorders. It seems that the heights of the initial wave are well explained by thiscalculated energy distribution. The time interval between the arrival of the initial wave and the maximum amplitude wave is proportional to the origin distancemeasured along the coast. This fact suggests that the tsunami waves are mostly edge waves which were propagated along continental shelves. Dispersion curves obtained from the records of the 1958 and 1963 Iturup tsunamis coincide pretty well with the calculation for the case of a continental shelf with a width of 25 km and mean depth 200m, bordering an ocean 2000m deep. Records of the 1958 and 1963 Iturup tsunamis are very similar in shape, especially in the earlier part of the record, suggesting a similarity of the source mechanisms, origin positions and the paths. The appreciable phase change which was observed 8.5 hours after the earthquake might be explained as the reflected waves from the reef between East Caroline and Marshall Islands.1963年10月13日14時18分(JST)エトロフ冲に発生した地震に伴つた津波は,日本太平洋沿岸全域に伝搬し,北海道南東部および三陸海岸で全振幅約1m,オホーツク海に面した北海道でも観測された.各地の津波概要をTable 1に示す.気象庁の発表によると,この地震震央は44.0°N,150.0°E,深さ40km,マグニチュード7.9である.気象庁,海上保安庁水路部および国土地理院から提供された検潮記録をはじめ,Fig 1,2に示す筆者らが観測した宮城江ノ島,伊豆大島,金谷および青島の津波計記録をもとに,今回の津波の主として伝搬を吟味し,日本太平洋沿岸地域に到達した津波エネルギーの配分,Edge waveの存在などについて検討した.
- 1964-12-25
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