Fracture surface energy of natural earthquakes from the viewpoint of seismic observations

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Fracture surface energy, Gc, is one of the fundamental parameters that governs earthquake rupture propagation and seismic energy radiation.Unlike other parameters of friction, it is relatively easily estimated using seismic observations.In this paper we consider two aspects of Gc, 1) the implications of the minimum Gc for the scaling of seismic energy, and 2) spatial distribution of Gc calculated from kinematic source models.Analyses of Gc based on seismic observations are important when comparing in-situ and laboratory observations of fault materials, which will be obtained in the Nankai-drilling project.