The Antifungal Compound Totarol of Thujopsis dolabrata var. hondai Seeds Selects for Fungi on Seedling Root Surfaces
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Hinoki-asunaro (Thujopsis dolabrata Sieb. et Zucc. var. hondai Makino) is a treeendemic in Japan whose seeds produce several terpenoids. We hypothesized that antifungalcompounds in seeds might select for fungi on the root surfaces of T. dolabrata var. hondaiseedlings. We examined seed and soil fungi, their sensitivity to methanol extracts of theseeds, the fungi on root surfaces of seedlings grown in Kanuma pumice (a model mineralsoil) and nursery soil, and the frequency at which each fungus was detected on the seedlingroot surface. We calculated correlation coefficients between fungal detection frequency onroot surfaces and fungal sensitivity to seed extracts. We also isolated from the seeds theantifungal compound totarol that selected for fungi on root surfaces. Species of Alternaria,Cladosporium, Pestalotiopsis, and Phomopsis were the most frequently isolated fungi fromseeds. Mortierella and Mucor were the dominant fungi isolated from Kanuma pumice,whereas Umbelopsis and Trichoderma were the main fungi isolated from nursery soil.Alternaria, Cladosporium, Mortierella, Pestalotiopsis, and Phomopsis were the dominantfungi isolated from root surfaces of seedlings grown in Kanuma pumice, and Alternaria,Cladosporium, Pestalotiopsis, Phomopsis, and Trichoderma were the main root-surfacefungi isolated from seedlings grown in nursery soil. The fungal detection frequencies onroot surfaces in both soils were significantly and negatively correlated with fungalsensitivity to the seed extract. A similar correlation was found between the fungal detection frequency on root surfaces and fungal sensitivity to totarol. We conclude that totarol is onefactor that selects for fungi on root surfaces of T. dolabrata var. hondai in the early growthstage.
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