子どもの生命観を育てる学校外教育施設の活用--水族館の効果的な活用を視点として--
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Abstract How can we improve and enhance natural science education in primary school so that it will cultivate children's idea of life and enable them to obtain a positive and respectful view of life? With this question in mind, the authors explored effective use of out-of-school facilities, specifically aquariums. First, we examined the idea of life and the elements of which it is composed. Second, we examined how out-of-school facilities have been positioned in natural science education and clarified their value. Third, we clarified the definition and educational role of aquariums, and conducted a field study and analysis on the current use of aquariums in natural science education. Fourth, we proposed how natural science education in primary school should be linked to aquariums to effectively cultivate the idea of life among children. This is based on past studies of science communication. We adopted the scale of eight elements in the idea of life defined by Suzuki & Yamaya, observed the activities children took part in, and analyzed the worksheets children completed after they visited an aquarium. As a result, we were able to apply the scale to measure the idea of life that the children obtained. Some children's responses, however, did not fit into the scale, which led the next challenge that needs to be worked on in the future, the development of a new scale to measure the idea of life that matches the actual activities children engage in. Also, we tried to analyze the cases in which aquariums are utilized in the natural science course instruction in primary school. But the scope of field surveys and analysis of citizens' utilization of aquariums currently available is quite limited, which as a result made our analysis far from sufficient. In the future it will be necessary to further extend our survey of aquariums and deepen our analysis. To investigate activities of primary school natural science education linked with aquarium utilization, we collected cases through documents and literature. We hope to continue studying the school-aquarium tie up further, and to make a proposal on their activities in view of science communication.
- 2014-06-01
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