(1)伊勢崎領郷学の経営経過・組織形態と教育活動
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概要
- 論文の詳細を見る
Of the many village schools (Kyo-gaku) that developed into popular educational institutions during the Edo Period, those of the Isezaki Clan have been selected to illustrate the growth and functions of this old educational system. The Isezaki clan was a small feudal clan located in what is now Gunma Prefecture and was governed by the Sakai family. The first of the Isezaki clan village schools was established in 1803 in the village of Iyoku ; and during the following ten years seven more village schools were established by the clan. Later, around the beginning of the Meiji period, 18 more schools were established, and the total number of village schools in this small clan of 24 square mills amounted to 25 at the time the school education system was put into force. 1) Motivations for the establishement of those village schools differed from period to period. During the first stage of development (1801-1817) the main concern of the clan authorities were (1) to give the villagers a kind of moral education that would help bring about stability and prosperity in village life when the rural living conditions become aggravated, and (2) to effect a sort of thought control over people in all walks of life. This explains why schools suddenly increased in number as the feudal system came closer to its end. The motivation during this later period (1868-1872) was to pave the way for the enforcement of the school education system of the Meiji Government. 2) The schools were established as a joint enterprise of the clan and the villages-mostly wealthy farmers and merchants-who were the opinion leaders in the villages. The clan named each school, drew up its educational aims, sent scholars of the Confucious school to lecture three times a month, exempted taxation on the school lot, add gave special priviledges to the teachers of the school. The village leaders who were appointed as directors of the school tools full care of the teaching and administration of the school. In most cases, school expenditures were borne by the directors, while the villagers generally contributed labor or materials at the time of construction and when repair work was necessary. 3) Functions of the school may be summarized as follows; (A) Social education-Confucious scholars of the clan were sent out to those schools to give "extension courses" to the general public. (B) Elementary school-Major emphasis was placed on moral education and cultivation of the pupils' ability to read. Chinese classics were used as textbooks. Schools were opened during the farmers' off-work seasons and most lessons were given either in the early mornings or in the evenings. Pupils entered school around the age of ten and completed their training about twenty years old. Textbooks and reference materials were provided free. The guiding philosophy of the Isezaki clan education was derived from the philosophy of Ansai Yamazaki who expounded the role of moderation in one's life. The school of the Isezaki clan accordingly was interested in fostering sense of acceptance of social status, family system, and community setup that existed in those feudal days.
- 教育史学会の論文
- 1958-10-10