7 社会福祉から見た福祉国家(「福祉国家」の射程)

概要

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This paper discusses the significance of the welfare state from the viewpoint of the history of social welfare. The welfare state, taking UK as a model, has had universalist and comprehensive welfare systems against "Five Giants," and added later a system of personal social services by enacting in 1970. The welfare state was brought about by the democracy enhanced in 1940s through the war against Fascist countries, which was expressed in the United Nations' Declaration of Human Rights, 1948. At the same time, "Five Giants" and the needs for personal social services had already grown serious problems in the period between the two world wars, and the Labour government after World War 2 responded to the demands of the people as necessities. The role of the government was great and indispensable in building the welfare state. After the first oil shock, most welfare states, being faced with financial difficulty, had to cut welfare expenditure to some extent. Nevertheless, no nation has perceived that welfare states became unnecessary. Mixed economy including commercialization became popular among some politicians and researchers, and many nations had to introduce it into welfare policies due to financial deficit, creating many negative problems, especially in personal social services.
社会政策学会の論文
2001-10-30