4 女性の社会階層と生活満足の変動 : 「消費生活に関するパネル調査」を利用して(テーマ別分科会6=パネル調査による問題・政策分析の新たな可能性,II テーマ別分科会=報告論文と座長報告)
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概要
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The purpose of this study is to examine the following problem using panel data: What kind of long-term trend does the level of life satisfaction show according to a trend of the social strata of wives? We used data from the "Japanese Panel Survey of Consumers." This panel survey began in 1993 and is being conducted annually for the past 11 years. The object of this study is to survey only "continuing wives" (those who did not divorced) during the past 11 years. A total of 621 samples were reported. The question posed to them was, "Are you satisfied with life as a whole?" The candidate had to rate her answers on a scale of 1-5. We examined life satisfaction for each social stratum that were separated on the basis of occupation classes and income quintiles. The results were as follows: First, the level of life satisfaction of all wives showed a tendency to decrease only in the long term. This is termed as the "marriage continuation effect." Second, approximately 70% of the wives surveyed stayed with the occupation for the 11 years and the remaining rate of every year was high with 80%, too. There was a decrease in the level of overall life satisfaction during the 11 years; however, the level of life satisfaction for a continuing wife belonging to the working class showed a consistently lower trend than that of a continuing wife from the new middle class. Third, approximately 50% of the wives in the highest income quintile group stayed in the same group during the 11 years. The remaining rate in the income quintiles was lower than that in the occupation classes. The annual remaining rate rose slowly in almost all groups, and there was also a gradual annual widening of the income gap in the groups after 1999. There was a tendency for the long-term life-satisfaction level of both social stratum to be reduced. As mentioned earlier, we deducted the "marriage continuation effect." Wives from every social stratum were greatly influenced by the "marriage continuation effect," the effect of the occupation class, their age factor, and an effect of the income group. As a matter of fact, the level of life satisfaction is described as a multilayered factor. To some extent, due to the situation of the occupation classes and income groups, there was restraint or side to promote by a negative effect of "marriage continuation." Moreover, it was observed that in both the occupation classes and the income groups, the gap in the level of life satisfaction widened gradually. More importantly, it was found that the above mentioned facts hold true in the cases of wives aged between 34 to 44, whose eldest children were in junior or senior high schools. The study is still a preliminary examination of why these social stratum exhibited a life satisfaction gap. We intend to examine this point in greater detail in the future.
- 社会政策学会の論文
- 2005-03-31
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