3 「学習資本主義」と教育格差 : 社会政策としての教育政策(I 共通論題=「格差社会」のゆくえ)

スポンサーリンク

概要

• 論文の詳細を見る

• A number of advanced countries, including Japan, are conducting neo-liberal education reforms such as the decentralization and devolution of control over education, privatization, school choice, and national testing. In addition, economic globalization and the rise of the "knowledge-based" economy may make education an important arena of socio-economic policy as governments seek to enhance human capital and individuals' employability, and to provide equal opportunity in life chances. In this paper, I argue that those changes promote a shift of human capital formation toward the rise of "learning capitalism". In Japan, especially, this shift coincides with the transformation from the "Japanese Mode of Credential Society" to the "Learning Capitalist Society", where learning skills and competences become core mechanisms to form, accumulate, and arrange human capital. Previously, under the Japanese mode of credential society, career paths were seen as simple and straightforward. Success in entrance examinations was thought to be the main route to enter good schools and universities, then to get into good workplaces and lead happy lives. Being good at memorizing school knowledge was seen a key factor for this success story. Upon getting into good jobs, which usually meant working for large companies, employees from prestigious universities were given more opportunities to pursue advancement. Their learning skills, sometimes called "trainability", might have played an important role behind the scenes, but their importance was not clearly recognized. The Japanese mode of credential society changed and declined during the 1990s. This transformation was caused by changes in labor markets and in education. Acquiring learning skills and competences took the place of memorizing knowledge. Now both in the workplace and in school, people are expected to master advanced learning skills and competences to keep up with rapid changes in technology and society. People are also required to pursue lifelong learning. In addition, they are expected to become 'clever' investors in choosing what, how, and when they should learn in order to maximize their human capital. In other words, learning skills and competences have become "capital" in this society. However, the distribution of learning skills and competences among students is not equal. In the paper, using survey results, I show that they are unequally distributed among children from different family backgrounds. I then argue that the recent decentralization of education funding and neo-liberal education reforms such as the introduction of voucher systems will increase inequality in learning capital accumulation.

• 社会政策学会の論文
• 2007-03-31

著者

• 苅谷 剛彦

  東京大学大学院

• 苅谷 剛彦

  東京大学大学院教育学研究科

関連論文

• 地方公立進学校におけるエリート再生の研究
• 高校生の生徒文化と学校経営(I)(一般研究 III・3部会 高校教育)
• 大都市圏高校生の進路意識と行動 : 普通科・進路多様校での生徒調査をもとに
• 親の教育意識と子どもの学校生活(一般研究 II・2部会 現代の子どもI)
• 地域教育の再編成に関する基礎的研究(I) : 近郊都市教育調査から(一般研究 III・2部会 地域社会と教育(2))
• 高校教育の量的変動と進路分化(I) : 府県間格差の視点から(一般研究 I・3部会 中等教育I)
• 学校社会学の動向
• 大学から職業へIII その2 : 就職活動と内定獲得の過程
• 2 全体会 会議録(II 公開シンポジウム「学力低下」問題の現状と展望)
• 「学習資本主義」社会と教育改革 : 「自ら学ぶ力」の格差問題(準備委員会企画特別講演,日本教育心理学会第48回総会概要)
• 大学から職業へIII その1 : 就職機会決定のメカニズム
• 進路未決定の構造 : 高卒進路未決定者の析出メカニズムに関する実証的研究
• 高等学校の就職指導と生徒の進路形成(II) : 高校生の就職行動・意識を中心に(I-5部会 中等教育(I))
• 小・中学校における学校生活の変容過程に関する継時的研究(I)(一般研究 III・5部会 学校生活)
• 高等学校の就職指導と生徒の進路形成(I) : 就職指導の実態とその規定要因の分析を中心に(一般研究 I・4部会 高校生と進路)
• 教育の社会科学的研究の(II 教育行政学への問いかけ)
• 「学習資本主義」社会と教育改革 : 「自ら学ぶ力」の格差問題(特別講演1)
• 3 「学習資本主義」と教育格差 : 社会政策としての教育政策(I 共通論題=「格差社会」のゆくえ)

もっと見る 閉じる

スポンサーリンク