Philosophical Transactionsに見る18世紀前半の化学と社会(II)

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Through the eighteenth century the so-called "Chemical Revolution" was to mature. In this development the Philosophical Transactions played a uniquely important role. To analyze the contents of this journal helps clarify the course of development of chemistry and its relation to society, sience there are considerable amount of papers in the journal dealing with chemistry in a broader sense. The present study considers those chemical papers which were published in this journal during the first half of the eighteenth century. Contributors to this journal were not only British but from all over the world and the profession of them ranged over great varieties, from professor of chemistry to Jesuit and draper. The subjects of the papers also extended to many kinds of industrial activities of the time and to some of the chemical substances. As to the industrial activities, these papers dealt with pharmacy and medicine including practice, agriculture, various industries, such as mining, metallurgy, brewing, and dyeing, and some natural phenomena, such as damps and mineral waters which sprang out of the earth while working there. The chemistry of the early eighteenth century is connected directly with divers social practices of men and is rather descriptive or of natural history than analytical. Synthetic or pure chemistry was not very much dealt with and chemical theories did not have much weight in those studies. The embryo of pneumatic chemistry was appearing with particular attention to natural and artificial vapors and gases and to various springs whose water contained a large amount of gas.
日本科学史学会の論文
1979-07-16

著者

肱岡義人
東京大学理学系大学院科学史科学基礎論課程

Philosophical Transactionsに見る18世紀前半の化学と社会(II)

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