公定ナショナリズムとしてのマルチカルチュラリズム : 現代オーストラリアにおける国民統合言説の再構築
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概要
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Multiculturalism in Australia is an official Nationalism discourse which has been restructed in response to the rapid progress of Globalisation. The purpose of this paper is to examine whether Multiculturalism is quite different from conventional Nationalism and Multiculturalism can be a new kind of National Integration principle. In this paper official documents of Multiculturalism are analysed in terms of Official Nationalism and National Integration discourses. The logic of justfying Multiculturalism has transferred from "Emphasising the economic interests of Multiculturalism" to "Multiculturalism as the source of National Integration". "Galbally Report" in 1978 argued that Multiculturalism ensured breaking away from "White Australian Policy" and encouraged cultural diversity in Australian society. Besides, this report recommended to introduce "Self-help" discipline for efficient practice of Multicultural policies. In 1980's, "Mainstreaming" replaced "Self-help" discipline and the "Access and Equity" strategy was introduced. Besides, "Fitzgerald Report" in 1988 placed Multicultural policies as instruments for improving Australian National Interests, especially economic interests. However, criticism to Multiculturalism like G. Blainey's argued that Multiculturalism eroded "Core" (British or Western) values and institutions of Australian society. In response to this kind of criticism, Federal government argued that Multiculturalism could be limited for keeping these values and institutions. But criticisms to Multiculturalism has continued until 1990's (e.g. P. Hanson and One Nation Party). Therefore, National Multicultural Advisory Council's report and "A New Agenda for Multicultural Australia" by Federal government both of which were published in 1999 strengthen the legitimacy of Multicultural policy again. These documents advocate the concept of "Inclusiveness" which implies that Multiculturalism is consistent with democratic values. Consequently, "Inclusiveness" makes possible to maintain National Integration without using the logic of "limits of Multiculturalism". Moreover, these documents insist that Multiculturalism is the unique cultural heritage of Australia, so according to these discourses, "Australian Multiculturalism" is vital for integrating the Australian as "Multicultural Nation". In this way, as a results of reducing validity of the logic of "Economic merits of Multiculturalism", Multiculturalism discourses in Australia have changed to emphasise Multiculturalism as the source of National integration. Consequently, the boundary between Multiculturalism discourses and Nationalism discourses become vague and the new discourse of "Multicultural Nationalism" is beginning to be formed in Australia in the late 1990's.
- オーストラリア学会の論文
- 2001-03-25
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