小学校社会科教科書『あかるい社会』と桑原正雄 : 資本制社会における「郷土」を問う教育の地平
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概要
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This paper examines descriptions of kyodo (hometown) in the 1955 social studies textbook Akarui Shakai, in order to clarify the way in which the reality of life in regional communities was understood in the 1950s. While research on the topic has already considered Akarui Shakai and criticized it for its 'biased' historical narrative, scholarship has overlooked the importance of its descriptions concerning kyodo. Through an analysis of these descriptions, this paper will argue the following points. Firstly, Akarui Shakai presented serious conflicts of interest within regional communities through essays written by children about the details of their daily lives. Whereas other textbooks described kyodo as an interdependent society determined to preserve existing communities, Akarui Shakai attempted to foster a critical stance regarding the status quo by discussing kyodo in relation to problems of capitalist society such as urbanization and intensification of wage labor. Secondly, these unique kyodo descriptions are the result of two influences; the personal stance of their probable author, Kuwabara Masao, leader of the Council of Hometown Education (Kyodo Kyoiku Zenkoku Kyogikai), and the 1950s phenomenon in which various non-governmental educational projects such as Essay about Life (seikatsu tsuzurikata) were incorporated into textbooks. Thirdly, Akarui Shakai was discontinued not only because of the increasingly restrictive textbook screening process, but also because of a lack of cooperation within the non-governmental educational movement itself. It would not be long before small differences of opinion about kyodo between Kuwabara and other authors had become open disputes.
- 2013-10-01