グローバリゼーションと韓国の輸出主導型成長モデル : グローバリゼーションに対する強靭性と脆弱性(大会報告・共通論題:高度経済成長の終焉をどう捉えるか-製造業,内需,地域社会)
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概要
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The aims of this article are to reveal that the Korean economy, with development of globalization, has transformed from a "state economy-oriented export-led growth model economy" into a "globalization-oriented export-led growth model economy" and to analyze its significance and limitations. Firstly, Korea's growth model in the mid-1960s through mid-1990s period can be defined as a "state economy-oriented export-led growth model economy", in which Korea depended on Japan and the United States for its capital, technology, capital goods and intermediate goods, and assembled labor-intensive products by use of its low-cost but good quality labor, and exported finished products to the U.S. market. Japan was its model that was aggressively formed by exploiting the environments of economical, international politics, and historical conditions, such as the Cold War, the Vietnam War, and the Plaza Accord. Secondly, with the Asian Currency Crisis in 1997 as the turning point, in the process of the prolonged and vigorously executed new liberalism-based structural reforms, Korea sought to break away from the "Japan model" and realized a "globalization-oriented export-led growth model economy". This is a "growth model in which Korea's global procurement is carried out mainly by zaibatsu or financial combine groups, while importing from Japan high value-added components, core capital goods, and intermediate goods, and exporting finished and intermediate products to the U.S., EU, and developing countries". This model, as seen in the V-shaped economy recovery process from the post-2008 global financial crisis, presents toughness in globalization. Thirdly, this growth model is susceptible to the influence of the world economy, and has instability and vulnerability in trade and finance. Korea's domestic demand has long been stagnated, slowing down the economic growth rate, which can be attributed to a weak trickle-down effect, where good achievements of large businesses are not reflected on wages or family finances. Expanding low-wage worker class and widening income gaps especially in temporary-working and small self-employed working classes are currently a serious issue. Furthermore, Korea has many pressing issues, such as the monopolization by zaibatsu or financial combine groups, etc., which results in distorting the economy and it is assessed that it should not be the growth model which Japan should aim for.
- 2013-04-30