ドイツの中等教育における「学校の自律化」と競争 : 学校プログラム政策下のヘッセン州校長意識調査の分析(II 研究報告)
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Does the introduction of a competition principle bring school reform? Is a school an institution which provides education as service in market competition? The aim of this paper is to examine such an issue in the setting of the secondary school stage of the State of Hesse of the Federal Republic of Germany. In order to approach this issue, the author carried out research utilizing a mailed questionnaire in the State of Hesse. The objects of the research are principals of all public secondary schools. In the State of Hesse, a policy which imposes upon all public schools the duty of making the "school program" was introduced in 1997. Especially during the secondary school stage, since parents have the right to choose a school, schools compete for students and it is expected that the school will make a effort to reform itself through this competition. The Christian Democratic Union (CDU), attached to political power since 1999, repositioned this concept of school program as a means for realizing "a guarantee of the quality" of school education through competition and selection. Does such a plan have a realistic base? This research analyzes what "sense of rivalry" a school may have, based on the consciousness of the principal in the State of Hesse. This paper mainly clarifies the following three points: (1) There are many principals who think that there is a school which assembles many students by hiding information and carrying out exaggerated advertisements during the selection process for secondary school. This tendency is especially strong in those principals of the schools which have received comparatively low social evaluation. (2) Generally speaking, many principals think that neighboring schools are not a rival of competition which scramble for students but a partner in cooperation. However, among the principals of comprehensive schools, the competitive consciousness of creating a better school program than other schools is comparatively strong. (3) There are many principals who think that a status of having advantages and disadvantages is fixed by competition and selection at present, and that the gap is also expanded by them. The author notes the following point from the above analysis: In the first place, among the principals of the secondary school of the State of Hesse the recognition that a school is generally reformed through competition is weak. This can be explained by existence of so much diversity that is no longer much competition, and also by recognition of importance of this diversity of the school system. In the second place, determined probably by its reform oriented characteristics, comprehensive schools are conscious about the concept of itself as a school and its competition with other schools. This seems to suggest the importance of an educational idea which focuses on competition and is educationally significant.
- 2003-10-17
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