水圏バイオマスの有効利用 : 効率的バイオエタノール生産法の確立に向けて(<特集>水生・海洋バイオマスの生産および燃料への転換技術の開発現状と展望)

概要

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The authors summarized about utilization of aquatic biomass in order to develop the effective bioethanol production. In the introduction, international situations about bioethanol from various kinds of biomass were described. As the bioethanol productions increase no amount of carbon dioxide in the air, they are used as renewable and clean energy sources in recent years all over the world. However, the consumption of agricultural biomass competes with its value as foodstuffs and development of the other materials with no competition of food supply is expected. In the following chapters, our studies on the bioethanol production using aquatic biomass and yeasts were mainly summarized. Firstly, the water hyacinth in fresh water biomass was used as a raw material. It was saccharified with 3% sulfuric acid followed by cellulase treatment. The concentrated saccharified solution were fermented by an aquatic yeast and 8.5-10.7 g/L bioethanol was produced. Secondly, the seaweeds; Ulva sp. or Undaria pinnatifida in marine biomass were used as raw materials. The cellulose in the seaweeds were effectively converted to glucose and fermented by the aquatic yeasts. However, conversion of other polysaccharides; alginic acid, laminaran, fucoidan to monosaccharides and their fermentation with yeasts were thought to be key steps in the effective bioethanol production from seaweeds.
2012-11-20