横井小楠30代における「三代」理念の形成

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Yokoi Shonan (1809-1869) was a Confucian scholar and samurai active in the late Tokugawa Period. He idealized the politics of the three dynasties, the Hsia, the Yin and the Chou periods in ancient China as the standard of politics. This Confucian idea of "Three Dynasties (Sandai)" was formulated and emphasized in his mid-thirties. I have attempted in this paper to examine the formulation process of this idea in his thirties. His idea of "Three Dynasties" meant the benevolent rule of the people by leaders under self-discipline in everyday life. The background of his formulation of this idea was his sympathy for the people in their poverty, which was caused by the low price of rice since 1839 and the great damage done to the seaboard of Kumamoto by the typhoon of 1843. Since his twenties, Shonan had studied "A Japanese Collection of Principles (Shugiwasho)" by Kumazawa Banzan (1619-1691), a famous Confucian samurai in the 17th century, and was probably influenced by Banzan's idea of the benevolent rule by leaders under the self-discipline in daily life. Shonan cited the phrases concerning benevolent rule, or royal statesmanship from "The Book of Mencius" in his draft on "Policies of what ought to be done now (Jimusaku)", perhaps written in 1842. His reading of "A Japanese Collection of Principles" and "The Book of Mencius" laid the foundation for his acceptance of the idea of "Three Dynasties". The turning point in his acceptance of this idea was his intensive reading of "Reflections on Things at Hand (Kinsiroku)", edited in 1176 by Chu Hsi and Lu Zuqian, with his likeminded colleagues in 1843. This book contains the idea of "Three Dynasties", and Shonan probably obtained the idea from this book.

著者

北野雄士
大阪産業大学人間環境学部

横井小楠30代における「三代」理念の形成

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