Fostering Incentive-Based Policies and Partnerships for Integrated Watershed Management in the Southeast Asian Uplands
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概要
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This paper attempts to identify the major factors associated with some of the failuresand successes of integrated watershed management policies and projects with aparticular emphasis on the uplands of mainland Southeast Asia. It argues thatmany policy measures have been misguided by failing to acknowledge the multidimensionalfacets of sustainable watershed management and putting too muchemphasis on command-and-control approaches to resource management and onesize-fits-all conservation models. Attempts to introduce soil and water conservationmeasures, for instance, have largely failed because they concentrated merely on thetechnical feasibility and potential ecological effects, while neglecting economicviability and socio-cultural acceptance. The production of agricultural commodities,on the other hand, has mostly been market-driven and often induced boom and bustcycles that compromised the ecological and social dimensions of sustainability.Purely community-based approaches to watershed management, on their part, haveoften failed to address issues of elite capture and competing interests within andbetween heterogeneous uplands communities.Drawing on a review of recent experience and on lessons from initiatives in along-term collaborative research program in Thailand (The Uplands Program) aimedat bridging the various dimensions of sustainability in the Southeast Asian uplands,this paper discusses how a socially, institutionally and ecologically sustainable mixof agricultural production, ecosystem services and rural livelihood opportunities canbe achieved through incentive-based policies and multi-stakeholder partnershipsthat attempt to overcome the (perceived) antagonism between conservation anddevelopment in upland watersheds of Southeast Asia.
- 2012-08-31