メタン冷湧水における嫌気的メタン酸化に特徴的な脂質バイオマーカーについて(<特集>有機物・微生物・生態系の地球化学)

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概要

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• Methane is one of the most important components in the global carbon cycle. High amounts of methane are constantly produced in marine subsurface sediments and temporarily stored in sediments of the continental margins as free gas, dissolved or frozen as methane hydrate. Despite extensive production in marine sediments, most of the upward moving methane never reaches the overlying water column because the majority of it is consumed before reaching the seafloor through the anaerobic oxidation of methane (AOM), conjointly conducted by consortia of methane-oxidizing archaea and sulfate-reducing bacteria. Cold seeps, occurring widely along active and passive continental margins, are characterized by the expulsion of complex fluid mixtures from deep sedimentary horizons to the seafloor. The key biogeochemical process at cold seeps, especially methane-cold seeps, is the AOM. Organic geochemical methods have been contributing extensively to the studies of the compositions of microorganism and diagnostic of these activities in methane-cold seeps. The lipid constituents in sediments and carbonates of methane-cold seeps are characterized by the occurrence of certain strongly ^<13>C-depleted isoprenoid and non-isoprenoid ether lipids and irregular isoprenoid hydrocarbons. The distributions of these lipids depend on the different methane-oxidizing archaeal and sulfate-reducing bacterial populations in sediments. The separation of polar and neutral ether lipids by Oba's method (Oba et al., 2006) makes it possible to estimate the living and fossil (i.e. dead) biomass contributions in sediments. The lipid biomarkers having characteristics of AOM can also be detected from sediments and carbonates deposited at ancient methane-cold seeps. It is expected that many of the findings revealed by organic geochemical studies of cold seeps and AOM will be applied to clarification of the ancient events of massive dissociation of oceanic methane hydrate.

• 2010-12-25

著者

• 大庭 雅寛

  東北大学大学院理学研究科

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