Phytoremediation of Arsenic-Contaminated Soil and Water(Symposium 3.5.1 Heavy Metal Contaminated Soils,<Special Issue>International Symposium: Soil Degradation Control, Remediation, and Reclamation, Tokyo Metropolitan University Symposium Series No.2, 201

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Arsenic (As) contamination of soil and water is widespread and poses a serious threat to plants, animals, and humans. There has been a growing interest in developing means for the remediation of As-contaminated ecosystems. Here, studies were conducted to examine the uptake of arsenite (As^<III>) and arsenate (As^V) from water and soil by mustard plants, and the results revealed that both the As content and its uptake by mustard plants were significantly affected by the varied levels of As (As^<III> and As^V) and phosphorus (P) in the soil and the water. An increased As concentration markedly increased As uptake by plants, and the effect was more pronounced with As^V than with As^<III>. The addition of P was found to inhibit the uptake and accumulation of As in plants. In general, roots accumulated larger amounts of As than shoots and flowers, and P addition was found to decrease the bioavailability of As, particularly As^<III>. Two types of soil (Egmont and Manawatu) differed significantly in terms of influencing the bioavailability of As. However, a high rate (500mg kg^<-1>) of P application was found to increase the bioavailability, and thus the uptake, of As in plants. The results provided evidence of P-induced As mobilization in contaminated soil at high rates of P addition. In addition, the introduction of earthworms to contaminated soil further increased As bioavailability.
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