民族誌的経験と人類学 : 「ネイティブになること」について

概要

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An anthropologist may have an experience in which his/her ways of seeing and understanding fundamentally change in the process of immersing oneself into another culture during fieldwork. The results are the examples of anthropologists for whom fieldwork was not a temporary experience for his/her research but was something that affected his/her whole life thereafter. These anthropologists, who are sometimes criticized for having "gone native," didnot necessarily abandon their scholarly activities ; in fact they are researchers who published ethnographies based on their fieldwork. In fieldwork, the cultural constructs acquired through his/her education and academic training may dissolve when a fieldworker encounters, unexpectedly, an "extraordinary" experience which seems to challenge the epistemological and ontological premise on which his/her research is based. An understanding accomplished through transformational experience in the anthropologistユs deep involvement in the culture brings about knowledge which becomespart of self, both at a conscious and subconscious level, and which is deposited deep inside the self. The transformation of the anthropologist in fieldwork indicates the authenticity of the knowledge acquired and should be celebrated rather than dismissed.