第三共和政期フランスにおけるパテルナリスム

概要

論文の詳細を見る
French social reform at the end of the 19th century is characterized not only by increasing state intervention in labor and social policies, but by a wide range of private company initiatives in welfare services. The object of this article is to examine the significance of welfare policy in the industrial world, termed industrial paternalism under the French Third Republic. First of all, factors which pushed employers to promote industrial paternalism were as follows: firstly, shortage of labor caused by underpopulation and industrial location; secondly, the unstable nature of workers' lives in the market-economic system; and thirdly, increasing state intervention by means of bureaucratic organization and social legislation. In the case of Societe de Pont-a-Mousson, a leading iron foundry in Lorraine, a strike in 1905 brought about the development of industrial paternalism. Through discourse and a company welfare system, management sought to establish labor-management solidarity by ensuring the subsistence of employees. In this way, the capital-labor conciliation policy, which contributed to a fixed labor force, took on a mixture of solidarism theory and patronage theory. From the aspect of social reform, industrial paternalism was closely related to patronage theory advocated by the school of Le Play. In particular, on the occasion of the International Exposition in 1889, Emile Cheysson's ideas on patronage gave a practical role in social management to private companies' welfare systems in the context of the social economy. The concept of social economy at that time embraced various systems designed to ensure the survival of workers by private initiatives. Additionally, the Musee social founded in 1894 concretized social economy, through which patronage and solidarism shared an approach based on mutualism in the matter of social organization. Therefore, the social recognition of industrial paternalism owed much to patronage theory. But, in decline at the end of the 19th century, patronage had to share with solidarism both in viewpoint and practice in social reform to preserve its significance under the Third Republic. Social economy, which joined patronage and solidarism, thus proved to be one of the conceptual bases of the French social security system in the 20th century.
2011-07-30

著者

齊藤佳史
専修大学

第三共和政期フランスにおけるパテルナリスム

スポンサーリンク

概要

著者

関連論文

スポンサーリンク