英語教育に関する啓蒙活動の必要性:「英文法通りでは生きた英語にならない」に見られる誤解
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概要
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This paper focuses on how Japanese people have misleading ideas about English education and asserts it is time teachers should encourage everyone to discard such false ideas as: you cannot produce good English always depending on English grammar; you can improve your English listening skills simply by being exposed, unconsciously, to English conversations; you need to stay in an English-speaking country in order to improve your listening skills. By accepting these ideas, the Japanese Educational Ministry has taken, for more than ten years,a course toward oral-communication-based teaching methods, as opposed to ones that stressed on the importance of grammar. As a result of increasing oral communication classes and decreasing grammarclasses, the general English skills of Japanese junior-high and high school students have suddenly declined. Ironically, as opposed to the slogan, by the Educational Ministry, which stressed on bringing up active attitude through the oral communicative method, more and more college students become"shy," are "inclined to escape," and are "choosing rather to study by computers (e-learning) than to participate in classroom study." In order to understand what is wrong with the above methods and the ideas causing these situations, we need to know the difference between ESL (English as a Second Language) and EFL(English as a Foreign Language), the difference between BICS (Basic Interpersonal Communicative Skills) and CALP (Cognitive/Academic Language Proficiency), and the concept of procedural memory,with which people improve English speaking and listening skills. Japanese people are in an EFL environment, not an ESL one, and they need to improve English skills based on CALP, not on BICS.These facts point to that oral communicative method cannot work well in Japan. In addition, advanced English speakers fail to remember how their English skills improved because of the characteristics of procedural memory, so that misleading ideas about English education are easily spread among many people.
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