20世紀初頭におけるアイルランド・クレア州の世帯構造 (北川紀男教授退任記念号)
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The present paper sets out to clarify the characteristics of Irish family in Co. Clare that C. Arnsberg and T., Kimball, American cultural anthropologist, had researched at 1930s by using Census Returns of Co. Clare of 1901 and 1911. I propose a hypothesis a simple family households based on the partible inheritance system were dominant in the early 19th century but after the Great Famine in 1845 they shifted to extended family households or multiple family households based on the arranged machmaking with dowry system and impartible inheritance. To verity this hypothesis, I used the 1901 and 1911 census retruns with the following results. First, it was found the average of size of an Irish household was 5.2 members in 1901 but was reduced 5.0 members in 1911. It mainly seems the a rate of size of household member depends on the number of children. Secondly, I believe that the dominant household type of Co. Clare in the early 20th century was the simple family household. However the type of extended family households and multiple family households were 22%, especially on the farmer is near 28%. I can understand the norm of stem family was dominated in the Clare's family that C. Arensberg and T. Kimball pointed out their book, Family and Community in Ireland. Thirdly, looking at a detailed tabulation of kinship groups in 100 households, the Irish household had a total 51〜53 relatives inside household while a Donegal's household had 98 in 1901 and 1911. I can grasp average of relative is near 50 persons, because I can get the same figure from Co. Tipperary.. Fourthly I selected a townland, Lough as a case study and saw the movement of the type of family between 1901 and 1911. As the result, I could confirm the movement from the simple family household to extended family household and multiple household. Generally speaking the household heads were continuing their patriarchal rights on the landholding, as the result their heirs were waiting for the inheritance of land and their marriage was late. I have mostly verified the above hypothesis using several data, but my future task is to interpret the results in the context of Co. Clare.
- 2011-03-28
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