開業後企業の生存率に関する研究 : 製造業を中心に
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概要
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Business starts contribute to economic activation through an increase of employment and innovation. The business closure rate has greatly exceeded the business start rate since the beginning of the 1980's. The increase in this difference results in a loss of employment and generates greater debt due to bankruptcy and business closure. To solve this problem, it is necessary to analyze the conditions of survival and factors affecting the survival of companies after the start of business. A large body of research exists on the analysis of factors affecting the survival rate based on surveys and financial data of bankrupt companies. Using the survey data of the Small and Medium Enterprise Agency, this paper clarified the conditions of survival in manufacturing industries after the start of business during a 16-year period between 1984 and 2000. The results show that enterprises with high 3rd-year survival rates after the start of business also have a high 10th-year survival rate. This finding applies to both incorporated and unincorporated enterprises. Unincorporated enterprises have a considerably lower survival rate due to lack of funds and low credit ratings. For incorporated enterprises, the survival rate becomes stable after three years from the start of business, while the survival rate of unincorporated enterprises does not stabilize until the fifth year. The survival rate is generally high for enterprises that were established in a year when a business aid package was being implemented. Compared with other countries, Japan's survival rates are fairly low. By referring to various foreign countries, I have proposed some approaches to fostering the establishment of businesses.
- 2011-03-30