成体脳におけるニューロン-グリア相互作用と新生ニューロンの移動制御機構

概要

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There is no effective treatment for the marked neuronal damage by various insults such as ischemic stroke, neurodegenerative diseases and traumatic injury, currently. It is partly because neurons are not generated in most region of the adult brain. However, recent studies have revealed that neural stem cells (NSCs), which produce a variety of neural cell types in the developing brain, also reside in the subventricular zone of the adult brain. They continuously generate new neurons, which can migrate rapidly for a long distance in the adult brain. Importantly, after brain injury, a part of the new neurons migrate around the damaged area, where they differentiate into mature neurons. This spontaneous response is thoroughly insufficient to replace neurons lost by diseases. However, these observations offer the possibility of interventions that promote the endogenous regeneration process. We recently found a novel mechanism of neuron-glia interaction that new neurons use to support their long-distance migration in the adult brain. This mechanism could be also important for migration of new neurons toward the injured area through the activated astrocytes in the regeneration process.
2011-03-01