障害構造の分析モデル : WHO国際障害分類の分析枠組みの活用

概要

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In the WHO International Classification, the handicap structure is held as a threefold distinction of impairment, disability and handicap. Such a model helps us to recognize how the disablement happens. However, what problems are analyzed largely depends on two factors: 1) the constructed framework, 2) the definitions and the classifications of variables in the said framework. In this paper, therefore, we tried to make an analytical model by using the conceptual framework of the WHO-ICIDH for a better understanding of the handicap structure. At first, we examined the features and the problems of models proposed by the WHO and Canada. As a result, we indicated two points: 1) they could not consider well the physical and social environmental factors which cause the handicaps, 2) they could not hold any kinds of handicaps such as the difficulties of self-realization and the psychological problems of the persons with handicaps. Then, we proposed a model named "the Handicap Creation-Intervention Model" to improve these failures. The model includes not only the linear route of "disease (or cause)→impairment→handicap", but also the other routes of "cause→handicap" and "impairment→handicap". There were also assumed the six hierarchical needs for overcoming handicaps which include self-searching, self-respect, self-realization, and pursuit of being-value. Further, we analyzed three cases. The first one was selected as a case which was expected to fit the model (a case of spinal cord injury), and another two were taken as marginal models (cases of mental retardation and short-stature). At last, the model was evaluated from case studies previously examined. In effect, it was concluded that the analytical framework and the concept of handicaps in the model were adequate and valid.
一般社団法人日本社会福祉学会の論文
1994-12-25

著者

渡辺裕子
東京都神経科学総合研究所

障害構造の分析モデル : WHO国際障害分類の分析枠組みの活用

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