明治・大正期の日本紡績企業による労働者の生活過程管理
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概要
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In this paper, I consider how Japanese Spinning Companies had formed the management of the worker's living process, and developed it during the Meiji and Taisho eras. Kanegafuchi Spinning Co. has the origin of the management of the worker's living process in Japan. In order to cope with the labor problems such as the worker's effectiveness and quality control, Kanegafuchi intervened in the worker's private life by providing 'the facilities for increase of human well-being' and 'the moral management operation.' Then, other spinning companies developed the various management programs that were relevant to the worker's living process. Toyo Spinning Co. employed the programs leading to control the workers as effective and diligent workers, making the workers judge the goodness of their own living attitudes, and investigating the worker's idea. Kurashiki Spinning Co. constructed the small and distributed dormitories for the women workers, and provided the system that the women workers could dine with the management in the dormitory by turns. Teikoku Seima Co. carried out the program that the women workers voluntarily confer about good act and practice it, and prepared the dormitories of self-teaching for the women workers. Then, in many companies, 'the call at the worker's home' was executed, and 'the periodical in-house newsletters to the workers and their families' were published. These management programs were aimed at, in worker's living process, manufacturing industrious workers, reforming worker's living attitude, grasping the worker's life-style and idea, making good communication between the management and the workers, and making managerial ideology penetrate into the workers. As a result, by utilizing these programs, many companies were able to solve a lot of labor problems, and gained high productivity. Therefore these programs became widespread. However these were often criticized from the viewpoint of the manipulation of the worker and worker's autonomy. Finally, I conclude that these management programs led to shape the worker's embodiment on the labor-process suitable to the companies' needs in his/her living process. In other words, they were the control devices on worker's embodiment and living process.
- 2010-04-30