道路整備における費用・便益分析 : ガソリン税を考慮した場合
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概要
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In this paper, we analyze a method for measuring the benefit of road construction in the case of introduction of gasoline tax. We know well that the benefit of road construction can be equal to its direct effect if there is not any distortion in the economy. Here the direct effect of road construction is defined by the sum of all user benefits that are their travel cost savings realized by road construction. However, if there is any distortion in a market, the benefit of road construction cannot be equal to its direct effect. What is a proper measure in this case? The answers for this question are as follows : In this case, we have to use the other measure for its benefit. If a firm does not behave in accordance with marginal cost pricing rule（MCPR）, in exchange for its direct benefit, we have to use the change of producer’s surplus which the firm as a user of road enjoys from a road construction. And also, there are many cases in the real world that a government will not make a price under MCPR. In these cases, we have to use the change of government’s surplus as the benefit received by a government from a road construction. We might list up some examples that a government will not accord with MCPR as showed by zero or constant pricing on road and some non-optimal marginal taxes such as gasoline tax except for lump sum tax. In these cases, we have to add the government’s surplus on the sum of benefits enjoyed by all users such as consumers and producers from road construction.
- 2009-07-31