バハレーンにおける議会復活と「擬似政党」の活動 : 政治参加に関するクウェートとの比較の視点から

概要

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This article aims at examining how the difference in an institution such as the parliament and the election affects the activity of political association, and then leads to divergent of political consequences by comparing Bahrain with Kuwait. Among the Gulf countries, Bahrain achieved its political liberalization second after Kuwait. After 27 years of suspension by constitutional revision, finally in 2002, Bahrain resumed its parliament, which was quite different during the years in 1973-75. The election for the Bahraini Chamber of Deputies was held twice in 2002 and 2006. In 2005, the law of political association was created to authorize the political association to participate in the 2006 election. As a consequence, candidates representing major political associations won most of the seats. Now, we can see these political associations as "quasi-parties" because they are de facto parties in terms of their function. I would like to examine causal correlation between the divergence of political consequence in Bahrain and Kuwait, focusing on the institutional differences and its effect on the organization including the activities of "quasi-party" and also analyzing the parliamentary politics and the election in Bahrain. In conclusion, from the perspective of the formation of "party system" which consists of the "quasi-party" as the basic unit, Bahrain has more developed "party system" except for the room for participation in power.
2009-12-28