Characteristics and issues related to regional-scale modeling of nitrogen flows
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概要
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This paper summarizes the characteristics of regional-scale nitrogen (N) flow models. The regional scale is generally considered to be an area that ranges from more than 10km^2 to the size of a continent. Parameterization is the key process in creating a regional-scale model. During parameterization, transfer functions that reflect the controlling factors must be created at the target scale because the influence of different factors will change with the size of the scale. Watersheds are the most useful unit for evaluating overall N discharge; however, regional activity data is most often available for municipal units. Thus, municipal units must be reaggregated into watershed units. A longer time period is desirable to normalize seasonal and annual variations at regional scales. Parameters that influence N flow must match the investigated spatial and temporal scales. Given the need to use a range of parameters that vary in terms of the quality of the data, models exhibit inevitable uncertainties. Quantification of the uncertainties and verification of the estimated results are required. Error propagation, the Monte Carlo simulation method and maximum and minimum values have been used to obtain different threshold values of uncertainty. To verify regional-scale N flow models, the following five approaches have been used or proposed: (1) calibration of the model by detailed monitoring at multiple sites, (2) verification of the most important process of the extrapolation mechanisms, (3) verification of the N budget, paying particular attention to water quality, (4) comparison with the results quantified by different models, (5) comparison with aerial or satellite image analysis. As regional-scale modeling of N flow will become more important in the future, it is important to develop models than can accurately estimate N dynamics at this scale.
- 社団法人日本土壌肥料学会の論文
著者
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HATANO Ryusuke
Laboratory of Soil Science, Graduate School of Agriculture, Hokkaido University
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Hatano Ryusuke
Laboratory Of Soil Science Graduate School Of Agriculture Hokkaido University
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Okazaki Masanori
Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology
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KIMURA Sonoko
Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology, Graduate School of Agriculture
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Kimura Sonoko
Tokyo Univ. Agr. & Tech.
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Kimura Sonoko
Tokyo University Of Agriculture And Technology Graduate School Of Agriculture
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Okazaki Masanori
Tokyo Univ. Agriculture And Technol. Koganei Jpn
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Hatano Ryusuke
Laboratory Of Soil Science Faculty Of Agriculture Hokkaido University
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Okazaki Masanori
Tokyo University Of Agriculture And Technology Graduate School Of Bio-application And Systems Engine
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Okazaki Masanori
Tokyo Univ. -ag. & Tech. Base
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KIMURA Sonoko
Tokyo Agriculture and Technology University
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