アシジのフランシスの聖貧理念と社会環境の関係

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概要

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• This essay intends to show what kind of social influences affected the ideal of poverty of St.Francis. There are many opinions about this problem. The first opinion is that Franciscan ideal stood for the religious movement of the city proletariates against the feudal nobles and richer bourgeois. The second is that the ideal of St.Francis stood for the democratic movement of citizens against the feudal nobles. The third is that his ideal showed the romantic chivalous reaction against the mammonism of wealthy citizens. The fourth is that his ideal corresponded to the attitudes of conscientious upper and middle classes who were trying to renounce spontaneously their own property in order to reform the church which was suffering from moral corruption resulting from the accumulation of wealth. However, it seems to me that all these opinions are insufficient to answer the whole of this problem. It is true that the ideal of poverty must have had some connection with its social environment. However, when we closely examine the process of conversion of St. Francis, that at first he began to renunciate the secular world at large in order to enter into the life of purely religious piety. Only after this fundamental conversion, the ideal of poverty appear as one of many virtues which St.Francis adopted in order to develop his imitation of the life of Christ. Therefore, we can infere that his intention was wholly religious and hardly included the elements of social reform or social reaction. Of course this is not to say that his ideal had no connection at all with its social environment. St.Francis was born as the son of a very rich merchant in Assisi. But, before his conversion, he has great ambition to become a knight' of the highest rank. For this reason, I think that his religious ideal is the sublime transfiguration of this secular ambition. Therefore, we must conclude that the ideal of St.Francis indirectly reflects the great ambition of the rich merchants who formed the ascending class in Italy during the 13th century.

• 慶應義塾大学の論文

著者

• 坂口 昂吉

  慶應義塾大学

• 坂口 昂吉

  慶応義塾大学文学部

関連論文

• 釈尊と修道士 : バルラームとヨザファト
• 西欧中世における民衆宗教運動と言語(シンポジウム「文明語の比較社会史 : 漢文、オスマン語、中世ラテン語」,一九九二年度三田史学会大会)
• アシジの聖フランシスとカタリ派
• キリストの復活をめぐって
• 小教区制の起源(研究余滴)
• 研究余滴 伝説と史実
• 回想・神山四郎先生
• 初期フランシスコ会の教団組織について
• アシジのフランシスの聖貧理念と社会環境の関係
• Gordon Leff, Paris and Oxford Universities in the Thirteenth and Fourteenth Centuries, New York・London・Sidney, 1968, pp.331(REVIEW)
• John Moorman, A History of the Franciscan Order from its Origins to the Year 1517 Oxford, 1968, pp.641(REVIEW)
• アシジの聖フランシスと宗教運動
• 初期フランシスコ会の形態に関する一考察
• フランシスコ会における党派対立の原因について
• M. D. Lambert, Franciscan Poverty, The Doctrine of the Absolute Poverty of Christ and the Apostles in the Franciscan Order, London, 1961, pp.269(REVIEW)
• 下村寅太郎著, 「アシジの聖フランシス」, 昭和四十年, 南窓社刊(批評と紹介)
• ボナヴェントゥーラのフランシスコ伝について
• ベーダ著長友栄三郎訳「イギリス教会史」
• R. B. Brooke, Early Franciscan Government from Elias to Bonaventure, Cambridge, 1959, pp.313(REVIEW)
• ベーダ「イギリス教会史」 : 長友栄三郎訳, 昭和四十年創文社刊(批評と紹介)
• Gerald Strauss, Historian in an age of Crisis : the life and work of Johannes Aventinus (1477-1534)

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