ソポクレスの宗教性
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概要
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Sophocles is not only an excellent dramatist but also a profound thinker. No attempt is made to deal with the structure and technique of his plays ; it is primarily an examination of the religious aspect of his thought. In recent yearss there has been published a number of valuable works on Sophocles' religion, in which disagreements of a crucial sort are to be seen. What is Sophocles' conception of the gods ? What is the core of his religious thinking ? These are the questions which I should like ask here. The history of Greek religious thought is chiefly the history of the rationalistic effort to see in the world a divine justice. The trilogies of Aeschylus contain the profound doctrine of theodicy. Sophocles abandons it. His tragedies depict suffering individuals in the face of irrational evil. He does not attempt to rationalize the life. This does not mean that man is nothing before the gods or must conform to their will, however capricious or cruel they seem to be. It is not an attitude of piety which the poet intends to put forward. Nor is his tragic hero an instrument by which the gods' plan are fulfilled. For Sophocles, to know oneself is to know the majesty of suffering human beings. But the revaluation of man does not include the devaluation of the gods and deification of humanity. Sophocles' plays are concerned not only with the greatness of the gods but also with the greatness of man. His heroes are great through their acts of self-destruction.
- 1961-03-29
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