ラトリエス,テーテス,ヘクテーモロイ

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概要

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• The question whether the εκτημοροι, mentioned by Aristotle, Plutarch and some other authors, had to make over one-sixth of the produce to the rich or retained that portion has been discussed by many scholars since the last century. Some scholars (von Fritz, French, Lotze, Hammond, Rhodes) support the first answer to the question Others (Woodhouse, Masaracchia, Cassola, Biscardi) arrive at the conclusion that the second is correct Recently some unique assumptions about the question have been proposed by Cataudella, Kirk and Gallant. What kind of status were the εκτημοροι? In this paper the authoi considers about the portion which the εκτημοροι retained and their status and suggests the following three points. (1) The word εκτημοριον means 'a. sixth part', therefore the εκτημοροι are people of 'a sixth part' and their share has not varied between one-sixth and five-sixths but has been one-sixth or rive-sixths The possibility that the εκτημοροι have possessed one-sixth of the produce is supported by the use of the plural in Plut Sol 13 4 : εκτα των γινομενων τελουντεζ. The meaning of this passage is 'delivering five-sixths of the produce' And also in Arist Ath 2.2 the plural μιοθωσειζ can be construed as meaning five-sixths in contrast to μιοθωσιζ which means one-sixth Therefore the εκτημοροι were those who possessed one-sixth of the produce. (2) We can not find the word εκτημοροι in fragments of Solon's poems. Aristotle and Plutarch, however, define the εκτημοροι as poor people, and in fragments of Solon's poems there are three passages in which poor people are mentioned. If their definition is correct, these passages may allude to the εκτημοροι Secondly, Aristotle and Plutarch give us the terms of πελαται or θητεζ as equivalent to εκτημοροι Aristophanes Byzantinus regards the term of λατριζ as equivalent to θηζ Lexicographers and scholars have treated these words as one group ・ εκτημοροι-πελαται-θητεζ-λατριεζ The author supposes that these words have an equal meaning and the word λατρευει in Sol. F 13 v. 47f represents the εκτημοροι. Perhaps the εκτημοροι were those who worked for hire (3) The εκτημοροι are proletarian peasants-'a kind of θητεζ' who form a portion of the δημοζ and obtain one-sixth of the produce by working on the land of the rich throughout the year To work on the land of the rich and deliver five-sixths of the produce to the rich was their obligation The rich perpetuated their lien by creating the obligation through giving them one-sixth of the produce. Their politico-social status is very unstable and they did not have any legal securities at all. If they neglected their obligation, they were justly sold abroad as slaves

• 日本西洋古典学会の論文
• 1987-03-30

著者

• 伊藤 正

  鹿児島大学

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• GARNSEY, P., Famine and Food Supply in the Graeco-Roman World : Responses to Risk and Crisis., Pp.xiv+303, Cambridge U. P., 1988.
• ラトリエス,テーテス,ヘクテーモロイ

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