Spiral Wave Breakup and Reentrant Arrhythmia : Role of Sodium Channel-A Computational Study(<Mini Special Issue>Biomedical Modeling)

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Cardiac arrhythmia is mainly due to failure in the coordination among contraction of cardiac muscles. Among several types of arrhythmias, ventricular arrhythmia is being more dangerous and we have chosen this for our research. With the help of mathematical model of ventricle cell, the role of Sodium ion on single cell, 1D array of cells and 2D grid of cells in establishing arrhythmia are studied. In the first study it was observed that the decrease in sodium ion conductance from nominal value in single cell lengthens the action potential duration (APD) and decreases the peak amplitude of AP. In cell pair and 1D array of cells, delay in action potential propagation is observed due to decrease of sodium ion conductance from nominal values. The cells in 60x60 grids are connected discretely via resistive connection, resembles gap junction conductance in real cardiac electrophysiology. In the grid study, normal activation of action potential propagation is first established with an external stimulus (eS1). Along with this eS1 an additional stimulus (eS2) is presented at various locations in order to generate spiral waves, which causes the Re-entrant arrhythmia. Studies are also made to establish spiral waves in the grid by varying sodium conductance.