中国の経済変革におけるインフォーマル・システム : 計画経済から市場経済への移行に果たす役割
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概要
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There are two major kinds of economy transition from the planned economy to the market economy as we know. One is the so-called "big-bang" pattern taken by soviet and the East Europe, the other is the "incrementalist reform pattern", taken by China. China's open-door reform policy was carried on in 1978 which objective at first was to improve the people's living standard inside a socialist society structure. But the objective turned ambiguously with the reformation being carried on while policies which were against the market economy were taken now and then. In substance, it was a kind of reformation from downside but not from the upside ("big-bang" pattern and "incrementalist reform pattern"). What made the economy reformation in China's rural communities successful most probably was the informal system way it was applies. The informal system includes both the unformulation factors like custom, ethics and moral and the human network organization. It played a role in resource distribution, system creation and system compensation. The human networks in East China especially in the southeast costal areas are very tight, so the informal system succeeded through the human network. Also with the emergence of the local government and the human network, the informal system succeeded to be formalized locally. The base of this kind of success in local, makes the informal system formal throughout. The local government played a very important role during this informal to formal transformation. With the development of the downside reformation, the informal system has become stronger and it will also improve the industry reformation to higher growth.
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