バングラデシュ政府による成人基礎識字教育の問題 : Total Literacy Movement (TLM)を事例として(教育哲学)

概要

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The aim of the present study is to discuss the problems in the executing process of Total Literacy Movement (TLM), as a case study of governmental adult basic literacy education in developing countries. The results of analysis show three types of problems. Firstly, there was a lack of systemic attempts to enhance motivation of learners and teachers at the commencement. Therefore, many learners and teachers had a difficulty to keep themselves motivated to complete their learning or managing their learning centers. Secondly, there was a lack of consideration on existing human or group relationships in regions, in establishing learning centers. Thus this lack made it difficult to promote learning, by utilising the existing human networks. Thirdly, teachers tended to be neglected in terms of morale, financial, and technical supports from the administration, although there exists the support system. In order to overcome such limitations, it is very important to outsource the planning and management from central government to local entities, such as NGOs in given regions. Further, it is required to establish the incentive system, for teachers with the best practices to obtain rewards. Also, it is necessary to deepen the dialogue with learners in order to motivate them to learn literacy, of which the TLM system lacked.