テレビ暴力番組の反社会的行動に与える効果
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概要
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1. The Background This study is based on four different theories of mass communication effects by violent television programs and typology of violent television programs. From past studies on violent television programs concerning the effects that are bestowed upon viewers, the four following theories, the catharsis theory, observation learning theory, desensitization theory and the cultivation theory have been empirically verified. Concerning the catharsis theory, violent television program viewing is indicated to develop prosocial behavior among viewers, and the remaining three theories are indicated to lead to antisocial behavior. In a recent study, the typology of violent programs based on gratification factors of the viewers was conducted. The correspondence of the four types of programs to the four theories of effects was observed. Therefore, one can suggest that concerning violent television program viewing, based on the type of each program corresponding to the respective theory of mass communication effects, prosocial behavior or antisocial behavior can be anticipated. 2. Purpose The primary objective of this study is to clarify the relationship between the viewing of violent desensitization type programs and the viewers' antisocial behavior. With this objective, the following hypothesis was formulated. Hypothesis : Heavy exposure to desensitization type programs causes a higher degree of inclination to adopt weak inhibition for antisocial behavior. 3. Method A survey was conducted on December 9, 1992, at Fuchu municipal F. Junior High School among 224 freshmen. After screening incomplete survey results, the resultant number was 216. The typology of violent television program was freshly determined through a selection of programs from a list and based from the scores of gratification components. Furthermore, factor analysis was conducted and a comparison of the factor score means of gratification components was conducted. The viewing of two violent desensitization type programs was configured as heavy exposure and one or less as light exposure. Concerning the weak inhibition for antisocial behavior of the viewers, five questions for the behavior was measured through the Likert scale. For analyzing the data, the Student's T test was utilized. 4. Result and Discussion The hypothesis, heavy exposure to desensitization type programs causes a higher degree of inclination to adopt weak inhibition for antisocial behavior , was supported. From these results, exposure to desensitization type programs can be suggested to be an important factor of inclination to adopt weak inhibition for antisocial behavior. Nevertheless, due to the restricted demographical factors such as subject age, habitat region and pertaining group, one should regard that this hypothesis is validly supported in a limited condition. Further research should be conducted on a larger target with controlled factors and reexamined in order to further generalize the results attained in this study.
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