教育学 Educating memory vs. educating awareness: an investigation into the teaching principles of Dr. Caleb Gattegno (1911〜1988)
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概要
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Dr.Caleb Gattegno was an innovative teacher of mathematics whose fascination with how we learn caused him to challenge the current pedagogical paradigm as a relic of medieval universities. Some of his most important concepts were the "subordination of teaching to learning" and "only awareness is educable. "Dr.Gattegno was often referred to as the "world's greatest teacher" because of his success in teaching mathematics and foreign languages. In this age of modern technology with computers providing instant memory for all types of information, it becomes less important for humans to remember and more important to know how to use the information. Additionally, memorization is an extremely inefficient type of memory. In an article in the Journal of Cognitive Neuroscience, authors Sheth et al state that real-world problems can be broadly categorized as those requiring sequential reasoning and those requiring transformative reasoning. Transformative reasoning is also know as the "Eureka moment" or the "Aha! moment" and indicates a break from past thinking based on a sudden insight that causes restructuring. In this process the problem solver abruptly, through a quantum leap of understanding with no conscious forewarning, moves from a state of not knowing how to solve a problem to a state of knowing how to solve it. Dr.Gattegno's approach is to set up problems to stimulate this "Eureka moment" type of breakthrough. Then students are encouraged to verbalize their own awareness in a feedback session to enable restructuring to occur. Finally, students are given further opportunities to utilize their new awareness and integrate it into their useful knowledge.
- 2009-07-27