日本人とアメリカ人の挨拶行動 II : 別れの挨拶
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概要
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The present paper, which constitutes a sequel to my previously published paper on greeting (Annals, Vol. 42), examines certain aspects of farewell formulas in the U.S.A. and Japan. Its primary purpose is to present an ethnographic account of the verbal rituals of farewell that terminate everyday encounters between acquaintances in each of the two societies. A secondary purpose is to give it a comparative treatment. Underlying the inquiry is the assumption that while the exchange of farewell formulas is a universal phenomenon, the structure of such exchanges is culture specific. Consequently it can be predicted that in two societies as culturally diverse as the U.S.A. and Japan there should be marked differences in the verbal ritualization of leavetaking. The paper addresses itself to three groups of questions: (1) What are the farewell formulas that are used in each society? What are their semantic features? (2) Where and how is the farewell exchange initiated in the closing phase of an encounter? (3) How does a participant select from his repertoire the formula most appropriate to the situation? What factors influence his choice? The results of the comparative analysis are discussed in relation to "politeness strategies" as practiced in the two societies for continuing relations among acquaintances. The analysis of the American use of farewell formulas is based on data collected from 48 TV dramas and movies shown on American television between October 1979 and March 1980. The data for the Japanese comes from 21 TV dramas telecast in Japan during the months of December 1979 and July 1980.
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