英文法事始 : 品詞論を中心として
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概要
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The first English grammar in Japan, the Eibunkan, was dedicated to the Tokugawa shogunate in 1840, this followed a brief description of the Parts of Speech which appeared in the Introductory Remarks to the Angeria Gorin Taisei, the first EnglishJapanese Dictionary of 1814. In this paper I begin with a discussion of how foreign languages, especially English, came to be known to Japanese and how English was learned in this early period. After the presentation of this historical background to the study of English, I attempt to examine these above mentioned grammars in order to: 1. understand the method of treating the Parts of Speech in each grammar 2. determine the influences from probable resource books, such as the proceeding Dutch grammars and any other contemporary grammars 3. make a list of translated Japanese terms of the Parts of Speech in Oranda Shihin-ko, Teisei Rango Kyuhin-shu, Angeria Gorin Taisei, Eibunkan, Oranda Bunten Jirui and Igirisu Bunten Jirui, so that we can compare them and observe any changes in translation and categorization from one grammar to another, and see how the present standardized terms were settled upon. I conclude that neither grammar is an original product by a Japanese grammarian. The Eibunkan was a Japanese translation from a Dutch version of a popular English grammar by Lindley Murray, an American who came to Britain; and the Introductory Remarks in Taisei were written with reference to several books on the Dutch, French and English languages. These reference books were brought not directly from either Britain or U.S.A. but came through the Netherlands. Naturally most of them were grammars published in the Netherlands or translated into the Dutch language. A new finding in Taisei is that the examples given under the aanwijzende voornaamwoorden (demonstrative pronouns) were in fact personal pronouns. The same categorization is found in the Teisei Rango Kyuhin-shu which is said to be a revised version of the Oranda Shihinko, in which the examples of personal pronouns were under the persoonlijke voornaamwoorden. I find the same classfication used by Willem Sewel in the grammatical sketch included in his Dutch-English and English-Dutch Dictionary of 1735. In an appendix I have presented a list of grammatical terms which will allow the readers to visualize more clearly the transition of these translated terms in Japanese.
- 東京女子大学の論文
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