日本の学校における管理と放任 : 子どもの自立を阻むもの

概要

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There are two opposite trends prevailing in the schools of modern Japan. One is to regulate and control the pupils' activities. More and more, the pupils' activities are thoroughly managed by the setting up of minor rules. The other trend is to give as much freedom as possible to the students, with the least amount of interference ', pupils are allowed to have their own way. Both of the trends, however, destroy the intrinsic nature of educaion as well as obstructing the growth of the spirit of independence in the pupils. When management and regulation of schools become stronger, the pupils are regarded as "materials," and their free and independent mental activities are interfered with. On the other hand, even if schools minimize the outside pressure or eliminate the outer power of management and regulations, pupils still cannot grow spiritully and mentally. The problem is not simple. Mere noninterference leaves pupils as they are in the early stage of childhood. Under such situations, real freedom and real independence of pupils can never be attained. What should be done is to provide circumstances where pupils can acquire their freedom and independence. They need to experience self-denial to grow up into adulthood. This difficult task will be accomplished only when the process of self-denial is truly understood, and new techniques of teaching are established.
東京女子大学の論文